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Why is hepatitis B spread so easily in Indonesia

The number of people with hepatitis B in Indonesia is still relatively high. At present, Indonesia is one of the countries with the most hepatitis sufferers, among 11 countries in Southeast Asia. Hepatitis B is a disease caused by a viral infection. The virus attacks the liver to cause acute and chronic diseases. Based on Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2017, as many as 7.1 percent of Indonesia's population is suspected of having hepatitis B.

Modes of Transmission of Hepatitis B

Everyone has the risk of contracting hepatitis B. This disease caused by the hepatitis B virus attacks the liver and can be transmitted through blood, sperm, vaginal fluid, and saliva. There are two ways of transmitting hepatitis B. First, vertical spread, namely from mothers with hepatitis B virus to infants during labor. Second, horizontal spread through actions that allow the transfer of body fluids (blood or semen) from an infected person to the body of a healthy person. Some behaviors that can increase the risk of horizontal spread include:
  • Having risky sexual relations.
  • Use and share unsterile syringes for example on tattoos or injection drugs.
  • Share the use of shavers or toothbrushes with others.
Lack of information and understanding of hepatitis B infection, and the lack of preventive measures are considered to be the reason for the higher number of hepatitis B sufferers in Indonesia. The high number of patients with chronic liver disease and those undergoing hemodialysis (dialysis), as well as genetic mutations in the hepatitis B virus are also thought to play a role in the high cases of hepatitis B in Indonesia. Most Indonesians are also unaware that they have been infected with hepatitis B, so when diagnosed, the condition is likely to be at an advanced level.

Efforts to Suppress Spread

The Government of Indonesia, through the Ministry of Health, has made several efforts to suppress the spread of hepatitis B, including the hepatitis B immunization movement for infants starting in 1997. Starting in 2010, extensive socialization of hepatitis B in Indonesia began on the commemoration of World Hepatitis Day on the 28th July. The prevention effort was also carried out by the Ministry of Health through education by making hepatitis control manuals, posters, pocket books, and seminars on hepatitis in several cities in Indonesia for health workers and the community. In addition, early detection of hepatitis B is held for pregnant women and health workers as a step to cut the chain of transmission of hepatitis B. Efforts to reduce the risk of transmission horizontally can be done by all members of the community, with the following steps:
  • Get hepatitis B vaccination
  • Close all open wounds.
  • Do not chew food to be given to babies.
  • Avoid sharing gum.
  • Don't share shavers, toothbrushes, manicures, or stud earrings with other people.
  • Make sure the needle is sterile for treatment, ear piercing, or tattooing.
  • Use a condom when having sex.
  • Wear gloves when touching or cleaning other people's bodily fluids, or other people's personal items, such as wound bandages, bandages, and cloths on towels or sheets.
  • Clean the area affected by blood with cleaning fluid mixed with water.
If you have been in contact with or come into contact with blood or bodily fluids from other people, especially with hepatitis B sufferers, see your health care provider immediately. For those of you who are infected with the hepatitis B virus, consult your doctor about treatment and measures to prevent further spread.

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